Visual - Visual impairment may be understood as a continuum that runs from people with blurred or patchy vision, to people who can see light but no shapes, to people who have no perception of light at all (total blindness). Although visual disability occurs across the spectrum of this continuum, visual impairment is often grouped into two broader categories: those who are legally blind, and those with low vision.
Auditory - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) refer to hearing impairments as conditions that affect the frequency and/or intensity of one's hearing. Hearing loss can be caused by many physical conditions (e.g., childhood illnesses, pregnancy-related illnesses, injury, heredity, age, excessive or prolonged exposure to noise), and result in varying degrees of loss that are generally categorized as mild, moderate, severe, or profound.
Motor - Motor disability applies to those with difficulties in moving, controlling, or coordinating movement of the body. Functional limitations of individuals with motor impairment can include weakness, reduced or compromised muscular control (such as involuntary movements, lack of coordination, or paralysis), limitations of sensation, joint problems, mobility impairment brought about by missing limbs, and pain that impedes movement.
Cognitive - Cognitive disabilities refer to a very wide spectrum of disorders and conditions including impairments of thinking, memory, language, learning, and perception. Causes vary widely as well, and may include stroke, traumatic head injury, birth defects. Cognitive disabilities have been defined according to clinical or functional criteria. Clinical classification of cognitive disabilities include conditions like autism spectrum disorder, Down Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, dementia, dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactive disorder, and learning disabilities in general.
Seizure and Vestibular Disorders - Epilepsy, also known as seizure disorder, is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures that can sometimes be triggered by a person's environment. People with photosensitive epilepsy can be triggered by strobing or flashing lights or effects, typically in videos or other moving images. Vestibular disorders impact structures in your inner ear and brain that control your sense of balance. People with vestibular disorders can similarly be affected by moving/flashing images with symptoms of nausea or dizziness.
